As an AI language model, I don’t have real-time data, and my responses are based on publicly available information up until September 2021. While there have been advancements in diabetes research, it’s important to note that I cannot provide a list of the top 10 new treatments for diabetes specifically discovered in 2021. However, I can mention a few recent developments in diabetes treatment:
1. Dual Incretin Receptor Agonists (DIRAs): These are a new class of injectable drugs that mimic the effects of naturally occurring gut hormones. They have shown promising results in reducing blood sugar and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes.
2. Smart Insulin: Scientists are developing various techniques to create insulin that automatically adjusts its activity based on blood glucose levels. Some smart insulin prototypes are in experimental stages and may help improve glucose control for people with diabetes.
3. Closed-Loop Systems: Also known as an artificial pancreas, these systems combine insulin pumps with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices. They automatically regulate insulin delivery based on CGM readings, reducing the need for manual adjustments.
4. SGLT-2 Inhibitors: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors are a class of oral medications that lower blood sugar levels by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. These drugs have shown significant benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes, including cardiovascular and renal benefits.
5. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are injectable medications that stimulate insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon release, slow gastric emptying, and promote weight loss. They have been effective in managing blood sugar levels and weight in type 2 diabetes.
6. Gene Therapy: Researchers are exploring gene therapy techniques to address the underlying causes of diabetes. This field has shown potential for potential long-term solutions by correcting genetic defects associated with specific forms of diabetes.
7. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Diabetes Management: AI-based systems are being utilized to analyze data from glucose monitors or insulin pumps to offer personalized insights and recommendations for diabetes management.
8. Hybrid Closed-Loop Systems: These advanced devices combine insulin pumps with CGMs and sophisticated algorithms to automate insulin delivery and make real-time adjustments based on glucose levels.
9. Targeted Immunotherapy: Researchers are investigating immune interventions targeted at preserving or enhancing beta-cell function, potentially delaying or preventing the progression of type 1 diabetes.
10. New Insulin Variants: Scientists are continually working on developing new insulin formulations with modified characteristics to improve insulin therapy. These variants aim to enhance effectiveness, duration of action, or reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
Please note that these developments represent ongoing research and advancements in diabetes care, but their availability and regulatory approval may vary between countries. It’s essential to consult healthcare professionals for the most up-to-date and accurate information related to diabetes treatments.